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Malignant melanoma is a complex, multifactorial disease, which is responsible for up to 75% of skin cancer related deaths globally.
With the US FDA approval of ipilimumab (CTLA-4 targeting agent) in 2011 for the treatment of advanced melanoma patients, clinical research intensity has gradually shifted towards Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) & their Combination agents.
With the approval of nivolumab and pembrolizumab (both are PD-1 targeting agents), it is imperative to understand how PD-1/PD-L1 clinical landscape is evolving in melanoma.
With the US FDA approval of ipilimumab (CTLA-4 targeting agent) in 2011 for the treatment of advanced melanoma patients, clinical research intensity has gradually shifted towards Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) & their Combination agents.
With the approval of nivolumab and pembrolizumab (both are PD-1 targeting agents), it is imperative to understand how PD-1/PD-L1 clinical landscape is evolving in melanoma.
We had three specific objectives
We zeroed in on 382 clinical trials
And identified 33 PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
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20 PD-1 Inhibitors
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1 Bi-specific PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor
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12 PD-L1 Inhibitors
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We observed the following three major combination strategies:
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- increasing tumor immunogenicity
- reversing tumor immunosuppression - targeting other signaling pathways that promote growth & proliferation |
Top three PD-1 combinations: CTLA4, Vaccines, and Radiation therapy
| Clinical Trial Intensity in Melanoma |
Bringing everything together
To build upon the clinical gains observed with immunotherapeutic agents, several companies/organizations are actively researching combination of ICIs with different agents. With respect to PD-1/PD-L1, there are about 400 clinical trials investigating 33 inhibitors either as monotherapy or in combination.
The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 targeting agents with CTLA4 targeting agents is the most common combination strategy. Redundancy?
The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 targeting agents with CTLA4 targeting agents is the most common combination strategy. Redundancy?
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Are you seeking a comprehensive assessment of combination strategies and rationale behind each? Are you looking for an experienced research agency to decide which indication to prioritize for your preclinical/clinical assets?
Oncofocus has years of experience in providing solutions across product lifecycle. Engage Us! |